Frederick Russell Burnham

Frederick Russell Burnham DSO (11 Mei 1861 – 1 September 1947) adalah seorang tokoh kepanduan dan penjelajah dunia Amerika. Ia dikenal untuk jasanya di Perusahaan Afrika Selatan Britania, kemudian Tentara Britania di kolonial Afrika, dan untuk pengajaran kerajinan kayu kepada Robert Baden-Powell, menjadi salah satu inspirasi pembangunan Gerakan Kepanduan internasional.

Frederick Russell Burnham
Mayor Burnham dengan seragam Tentara Britania-nya pada 1901
Julukan	Raja Kepanduan Ia yang melihat dalam kegelapan
Lahir	(1861-05-11)11 Mei 1861 Tivoli, Minnesota (teritorial India Sioux; dekat Mankato, Minnesota)
Meninggal	1 September 1947(1947-09-01) (umur 86) Santa Barbara, California
Dikebumikan	Three Rivers, California (36°25′18″N 118°54′17″W / 36.42180°N 118.90470°W / 36.42180; -118.90470Koordinat: 36°25′18″N 118°54′17″W / 36.42180°N 118.90470°W / 36.42180; -118.90470)
Pengabdian	warga A.S.; kepanduan untuk Perusahaan Afrika Selatan Britania dan Tentara Britania di Afrika bagian selatan
Lama dinas	1893–97 1900–01
Pangkat	Mayor
Komandan	Ketua Kepanduan dibawah Lord Roberts
Perang/pertempuran	Perang Lembah Pleasant Perang Indian Amerika – Perang Apache – Kampanye Geronimo Perang Matabele Pertama – Patroli Shangani Perang Matabele Kedua Perang Boer Kedua
Penghargaan	Distinguished Service Order Queen's South Africa Medal Medali Perusahaan Afrika Selatan Britania Boy Scouts Penghargaan Silver Buffalo
Pasangan	Blanche Blick (m. 1884–1939; kematiannya) Ilo Willits (m. 1943–47; kematiannya)
Hubungan	Rev. Edwin Burnham (ayah) Howard Burnham (saudara) Charles Edward Russell (sepupu pertama) Russell Adam Burnham (cicit)
Pekerjaan lain	Kurir, penjelajah India, penambang emas, oil man, penerbang AS, Bapak gerakan Kepanduan internasional, Penghargaan Desan Presiden Roosevelt (Arizona) Boy Scouts of America

Kehidupan awal

Burnham di Teritorial Arizona pada tahun 1881

Burnham lahir pada tanggal 11 Mei 1861 di reservasi Indian Sioux di Minnesota, dari keluarga misionaris yang tinggal dekat kota perintis kecil Tivoli (sekarang tidak ada), sekitar 20 mil (32 km) dari Mankato.

Daftar pustaka

• — (1926). Scouting on Two Continents. Garden City, New York: Doubleday. ISBN 978-1-879356-31-3. 
• — (1927). "The Remarks of Major Frederick R. Burnham". Historical Society of Southern California. 13 (4): 334–352. doi:10.2307/41168823. 
• —; Banning, William; Banning, George Hugh (1930). "Foreword". Six Horses. New York: Century. OCLC 1744707. 
• — (1930). "The howl for cheap Mexican labor". Dalam Grant, Madison; Charles Stewart, Davison. The Alien in Our Midst; Or, "Selling Our Birthright for a Mess of Pottage"; the Written Views of a Number of Americans (Present and Former) on Immigration and Its Results. New York: Galton Publishing. hlm. 44–48. OCLC 3040493. 
• — (1931). "Scouting Against the Apache". Dalam West, James E. The Boy Scout's Book of True Adventure: their own story of famous exploits and adventures told by honorary scouts. New York: Putman. OCLC 8484128. 
• — (1933). "Taps for the Great Selous". Dalam Grinnell, George Bird; Roosevelt, Kermit; Cross, W. Redmond; Gray, Prentiss N. Hunting Trails on Three Continents; a Book of the Boone and Crockett Club. New York: The Derrydale Press. OCLC 1624738. Pemeliharaan CS1: Tampilkan editors (link)
• — (July 1938). "Madison Grant (Eulogy)". Boone and Crockett Club. Boone and Crockett Club: 29–31. ISSN 1048-3586. 
• — (1944). Taking Chances. Los Angeles, California: Haynes. ISBN 978-1-879356-32-0. 
• — (November 1945). "The Fire that shall Never Die". Boy's Life. Boy Scouts of America: 7, 35. ISSN 0006-8608. 

Catatan

Catatan kaki

Catatan kutipan

1. Davis 1906, hlm. 192.
2. West 1932, hlm. 49.
3. Illustrated London News 1902, hlm. 44.
4. The Times 1926, hlm. 10.
5. Burnham 1926, hlm. 1–2.

• Davis, Richard Harding (1906). Real Soldiers of Fortune. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. ISBN 0-87364-239-2. 

Referensi

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• "More South African Honors: Lady Sarah Wilson and Major Burnham, the American Scout, among those decorated" (PDF). New York Times. September 28, 1901. ISSN 0362-4331. dari versi asli tanggal 2016-03-05. Diakses tanggal June 29, 2013. 
• "Mr. Taft's Peril; Reported Plot to Kill Two Presidents". Daily Mail. London. October 16, 1909. ISSN 0307-7578. 
• . Library of Congress. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2013-05-24. Diakses tanggal August 11, 2013. 
• "NCO and Soldier of the Year Competition: 2003 Winners". United States Army. 2004. dari versi asli tanggal 2006-04-19. Diakses tanggal June 19, 2013. 
• "A New Eldorado: Discoveries in West Africa by Major Burnham, England's American Scout" (PDF). New York Times (London Mail). August 12, 1901. ISSN 0362-4331. dari versi asli tanggal 2016-03-05. Diakses tanggal 2014-04-10. 
• "On My Honor". LDSfilm. August 18, 2004. dari versi asli tanggal 2022-06-16. Diakses tanggal June 25, 2013. 
• "Pathetic Loss". The Western Times (17550). Exeter, England. October 4, 1905. 
• "Personal". Illustrated London News (3273). London. January 11, 1902. Diakses tanggal August 30, 2012. 
• "Plane Line Saves Weeks: American Air Service in Guatemala Carries Odd Passenger List over Hard Country". New York Times. January 17, 1932. ISSN 0362-4331. 
• "The Pulitzer Prizes". The Pulitzer Prizes – Columbia University. 2013. dari versi asli tanggal 2015-12-24. Diakses tanggal August 11, 2013. 
• "Rider Haggard's Tribute". Atlanta Constitution. November 21, 1896. ISSN 0093-1179. 
• Press Reference Library: Notables of the West. New York: International News Service. 1915. OCLC 5532411. 
• "Scientific Notes and News". Science. 71 (1847). May 23, 1930. doi:10.1126/science.71.1847.533. ISSN 0036-8075. JSTOR 1655718. 
• Southern Africa Committee (1973). "Film". Southern Africa. New York: Southern Africa Committee. 6. ISSN 0038-3775. OCLC 1781212. 
• . Boy Scouts of America. 2012. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-09-28. Diakses tanggal June 23, 2013. 
• "Southern California by Towns and Counties: Fred Burnham now a Major in British Army; Recovering from His Injuries". Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles: Times-Mirror Co. August 4, 1900. ISSN 0458-3035. 
• "Railway And Other Companies: Northern Territories (B.S.A.) Exploring Company Limited". The Times (35824). London: R. Nutkins. 1899. ISSN 0140-0460.  Parameter |month= yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (bantuan)
• "Roosevelt's Army Has Not Lost Hope; Colonel's Aids from All over the Country Meet and Leave the Future in His Hands" (PDF). New York Times. May 20, 1917. ISSN 0362-4331. dari versi asli tanggal 2016-03-05. Diakses tanggal 2014-04-10. 
• "Scouting History". 1st Lacock Scout Group. 2013. dari versi asli tanggal 2014-04-13. Diakses tanggal July 21, 2013. 
• "Will Not Send Roosevelt; Wilson Not to Avail Himself of Volunteer Authority at Present". New York Times. May 19, 1917. ISSN 0362-4331. 
• "A Young South African". The Los Angeles Times. June 6, 1896. ISSN 0458-3035. 

Pranala luar

• Major Burnham on Pine Tree Web Scouting site 2006-05-09 di Wayback Machine.
• Frederick Howard Russell Burnham (great grand nephew) 2023-06-03 di Wayback Machine.
• Burnham Footage of Southern and Eastern Africa 2007-11-07 di Wayback Machine., 35 min. silent b&w video. Footage shot in South Africa, Rhodesia and eastern Africa during a family trip. Smithsonian Institution archives. call# 85.4.1; AF-85.4.1 (1929)
• A large collection of Burnham's documents: Correspondence, 1864–1947. Subject Files, 1890–1947. Writings, 1893–1946. Personal and Family Papers, 1879–1951. Photographs, ca. 1893–1924.
• Frederick Russell Burnham Papers, 1879–1979, Hoover Institution Library and Archives, Stanford University. 2022-04-20 di Wayback Machine. Another large collection of Burnham's documents: Correspondence, speeches and writings, clippings, other printed matter, photographs, and memorabilia, relating to the Matabele Wars of 1893 and 1896 in Rhodesia, the Second Boer War, exploration expeditions in Africa, and gold mining in Alaska during the Klondike gold rush.
• Major Wilson's Last Stand di IMDb (dalam bahasa Inggris)
• Shangani Patrol di IMDb (dalam bahasa Inggris)