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Ekonomi Romawi Lihat pula mata uang Romawi dan keuangan Romawi Pada zaman Republik Romawi ekonomi Romawi kebanyakan adal

Ekonomi Romawi

Lihat pula: mata uang Romawi dan keuangan Romawi

Pada zaman Republik Romawi, ekonomi Romawi kebanyakan adalah pertanian, terpusat pada perdagangan komoditas seperti bahan pokok dan wine. Pasar-pasar finansial menghimpun perdagangan semacam itu, dan lembaga-lembaga keuangan dihimpun untuk pemakaian pribadi dan infrastruktur umum, utamanya didirikan melalui kekayaan antar-keluarga.

Total GDP pada sekitar tahun 1 Masehi untuk berbagai wilayah Kekaisaran Romawi

Catatan dan referensi sunting

  1. "Statistics on World Population, GDP and Per Capita GDP, 1–2006 AD". University of Groningen. Diakses tanggal September 18, 2012. 
  2. Garnsey, Peter, et al. The Roman Empire: Economy, Society and Culture. 2nd ed., University of California Press, 2015, www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/j.ctt9qh25h.
  3. Temin, Peter. “Financial Intermediation in the Early Roman Empire.” The Journal of Economic History, vol. 64, no. 3, 2004, pp. 705–733., www.jstor.org/stable/3874817.

Sumber sunting

  • Bang, Peter Fibiger (2008): The Roman Bazaar: A Comparative Study of Trade and Markets in a Tributary Empire, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-85532-2, pp. 86–91
  • Bang, Peter Fibiger (2009). "The Ancient Economy and New Institutional Economics". The Journal of Roman Studies. 99: 194–206. doi:10.3815/007543509789744783. 
  • Callataÿ, François de (2005). "The Graeco-Roman Economy in the Super Long-Run: Lead, Copper, and Shipwrecks". Journal of Roman Archaeology. 18: 361–372. 
  • Cech, Brigitte (2010): Technik in der Antike, Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, Darmstadt, ISBN 978-3-8062-2080-3
  • Craddock, Paul T. (2008): "Mining and Metallurgy", in: Oleson, John Peter (ed.): The Oxford Handbook of Engineering and Technology in the Classical World, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-518731-1, pp. 93–120
  • Goldsmith, Raymond W. (1984). "An Estimate of the Size and Structure of the National Product of the Early Roman Empire". Review of Income and Wealth. 30 (3): 263–288. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4991.1984.tb00552.x. 
  • Healy, John F. (1978): Mining and Metallurgy in the Greek and Roman World, Thames and Hudson, London, ISBN 0-500-40035-0
  • Hong, Sungmin; Candelone, Jean-Pierre; Patterson, Clair C.; Boutron, Claude F. (1994). "Greenland Ice Evidence of Hemispheric Lead Pollution Two Millennia Ago by Greek and Roman Civilizations". Science. 265 (5180): 1841–1843. doi:10.1126/science.265.5180.1841. PMID 17797222. 
  • Hong, Sungmin; Candelone, Jean-Pierre; Patterson, Clair C.; Boutron, Claude F. (1996). "History of Ancient Copper Smelting Pollution During Roman and Medieval Times Recorded in Greenland Ice". Science. 272 (5259): 246–249. doi:10.1126/science.272.5259.246. 
  • Hopkins, Keith (1980). "Taxes and Trade in the Roman Empire (200 B.C.–A.D. 400)". The Journal of Roman Studies. 70: 101–125. doi:10.2307/299558. 
  • Hopkins, Keith (1995/6): "Rome, Taxes, Rents, and Trade", Kodai, Vol. 6/7, pp. 41–75
  • Lo Cascio, Elio; Malanima, Paolo (2009). "GDP in Pre-Modern Agrarian Economies (1–1820 AD). A Revision of the Estimates". Rivista di storia economica. 25 (3): 391–420. 
  • Maddison, Angus (2007): "Contours of the World Economy, 1–2030 AD. Essays in Macro-Economic History", Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-922721-1
  • Parker, A. J. (1992): "Ancient Shipwrecks of the Mediterranean and the Roman Provinces", Archaeopress (British Archaeological Reports (BAR) International S.), ISBN 0-86054-736-1
  • Patterson, C. C. (1972). "Silver Stocks and Losses in Ancient and Medieval Times". The Economic History Review. 25 (2): 205–235. doi:10.2307/2593904. 
  • Scheidel, Walter (April 2006): Population and Demography, Princeton/Stanford Working Papers in Classics, Version 1.0
  • Scheidel, Walter; Friesen, Steven J. (2009). "The Size of the Economy and the Distribution of Income in the Roman Empire". The Journal of Roman Studies. 99: 61–91. doi:10.3815/007543509789745223. 
  • Settle, Dorothy M.; Patterson, Clair C. (1980). "Lead in Albacore: Guide to Lead Pollution in Americans". Science. 207 (4436): 1167–1176. doi:10.1126/science.6986654. PMID 6986654. 
  • Sim, David; Ridge, Isabel (2002): Iron for the Eagles. The Iron Industry of Roman Britain, Tempus, Stroud, Gloucestershire, ISBN 0-7524-1900-5
  • Smith, A. H. V. (1997). "Provenance of Coals from Roman Sites in England and Wales". Britannia. 28: 297–324. doi:10.2307/526770. 
  • Temin, Peter (2006): "Estimating GDP in the Early Roman Empire", Lo Cascio, Elio (ed.): Innovazione tecnica e progresso economico nel mondo romano, Edipuglia, Bari, ISBN 978-88-7228-405-6, pp. 31–54
  • Wilson, Andrew (2002). "Machines, Power and the Ancient Economy". The Journal of Roman Studies. 92: 1–32. doi:10.1017/s0075435800032135. 

Bacaan tambahan sunting

  • Bowman, A. K. and Wilson, A. I. (eds) (2009), Quantifying the Roman Economy: Methods and Problems, Oxford Studies in the Roman Economy 1. Oxford University Press, Oxford
  • Bowman, A. K. and Wilson, A. I. (eds) (2012), Settlement, Urbanisation and Population, Oxford Studies in the Roman Economy 2. Oxford University Press, Oxford
  • Scheidel, Walter; Morris, Ian; Saller, Richard, eds. (2007): The Cambridge Economic History of the Greco-Roman World, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-78053-7
  • Temin, Peter (2006). "The Economy of the Early Roman Empire". Journal of Economic Perspectives. 20 (1): 133–151. doi:10.1257/089533006776526148. ISSN 0895-3309. 

Pranala luar sunting

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Tanggal penerbitan:
Lihat pula mata uang Romawi dan keuangan Romawi Pada zaman Republik Romawi ekonomi Romawi kebanyakan adalah pertanian terpusat pada perdagangan komoditas seperti bahan pokok dan wine 2 Pasar pasar finansial menghimpun perdagangan semacam itu dan lembaga lembaga keuangan dihimpun untuk pemakaian pribadi dan infrastruktur umum utamanya didirikan melalui kekayaan antar keluarga 3 Total GDP pada sekitar tahun 1 Masehi untuk berbagai wilayah Kekaisaran Romawi 1 Daftar isi 1 Catatan dan referensi 2 Sumber 3 Bacaan tambahan 4 Pranala luarCatatan dan referensi sunting Statistics on World Population GDP and Per Capita GDP 1 2006 AD University of Groningen Diakses tanggal September 18 2012 Garnsey Peter et al The Roman Empire Economy Society and Culture 2nd ed University of California Press 2015 www jstor org stable 10 1525 j ctt9qh25h Temin Peter Financial Intermediation in the Early Roman Empire The Journal of Economic History vol 64 no 3 2004 pp 705 733 www jstor org stable 3874817 Sumber suntingBang Peter Fibiger 2008 The Roman Bazaar A Comparative Study of Trade and Markets in a Tributary Empire Cambridge University Press ISBN 0 521 85532 2 pp 86 91 Bang Peter Fibiger 2009 The Ancient Economy and New Institutional Economics The Journal of Roman Studies 99 194 206 doi 10 3815 007543509789744783 Callatay Francois de 2005 The Graeco Roman Economy in the Super Long Run Lead Copper and Shipwrecks Journal of Roman Archaeology 18 361 372 Cech Brigitte 2010 Technik in der Antike Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft Darmstadt ISBN 978 3 8062 2080 3 Craddock Paul T 2008 Mining and Metallurgy in Oleson John Peter ed The Oxford Handbook of Engineering and Technology in the Classical World Oxford University Press ISBN 978 0 19 518731 1 pp 93 120 Goldsmith Raymond W 1984 An Estimate of the Size and Structure of the National Product of the Early Roman Empire Review of Income and Wealth 30 3 263 288 doi 10 1111 j 1475 4991 1984 tb00552 x Healy John F 1978 Mining and Metallurgy in the Greek and Roman World Thames and Hudson London ISBN 0 500 40035 0 Hong Sungmin Candelone Jean Pierre Patterson Clair C Boutron Claude F 1994 Greenland Ice Evidence of Hemispheric Lead Pollution Two Millennia Ago by Greek and Roman Civilizations Science 265 5180 1841 1843 doi 10 1126 science 265 5180 1841 PMID 17797222 Hong Sungmin Candelone Jean Pierre Patterson Clair C Boutron Claude F 1996 History of Ancient Copper Smelting Pollution During Roman and Medieval Times Recorded in Greenland Ice Science 272 5259 246 249 doi 10 1126 science 272 5259 246 Hopkins Keith 1980 Taxes and Trade in the Roman Empire 200 B C A D 400 The Journal of Roman Studies 70 101 125 doi 10 2307 299558 Hopkins Keith 1995 6 Rome Taxes Rents and Trade Kodai Vol 6 7 pp 41 75 Lo Cascio Elio Malanima Paolo 2009 GDP in Pre Modern Agrarian Economies 1 1820 AD A Revision of the Estimates Rivista di storia economica 25 3 391 420 Maddison Angus 2007 Contours of the World Economy 1 2030 AD Essays in Macro Economic History Oxford University Press ISBN 978 0 19 922721 1 Parker A J 1992 Ancient Shipwrecks of the Mediterranean and the Roman Provinces Archaeopress British Archaeological Reports BAR International S ISBN 0 86054 736 1 Patterson C C 1972 Silver Stocks and Losses in Ancient and Medieval Times The Economic History Review 25 2 205 235 doi 10 2307 2593904 Scheidel Walter April 2006 Population and Demography Princeton Stanford Working Papers in Classics Version 1 0 Scheidel Walter Friesen Steven J 2009 The Size of the Economy and the Distribution of Income in the Roman Empire The Journal of Roman Studies 99 61 91 doi 10 3815 007543509789745223 Settle Dorothy M Patterson Clair C 1980 Lead in Albacore Guide to Lead Pollution in Americans Science 207 4436 1167 1176 doi 10 1126 science 6986654 PMID 6986654 Sim David Ridge Isabel 2002 Iron for the Eagles The Iron Industry of Roman Britain Tempus Stroud Gloucestershire ISBN 0 7524 1900 5 Smith A H V 1997 Provenance of Coals from Roman Sites in England and Wales Britannia 28 297 324 doi 10 2307 526770 Temin Peter 2006 Estimating GDP in the Early Roman Empire Lo Cascio Elio ed Innovazione tecnica e progresso economico nel mondo romano Edipuglia Bari ISBN 978 88 7228 405 6 pp 31 54 Wilson Andrew 2002 Machines Power and the Ancient Economy The Journal of Roman Studies 92 1 32 doi 10 1017 s0075435800032135 Bacaan tambahan suntingBowman A K and Wilson A I eds 2009 Quantifying the Roman Economy Methods and Problems Oxford Studies in the Roman Economy 1 Oxford University Press Oxford Bowman A K and Wilson A I eds 2012 Settlement Urbanisation and Population Oxford Studies in the Roman Economy 2 Oxford University Press Oxford Scheidel Walter Morris Ian Saller Richard eds 2007 The Cambridge Economic History of the Greco Roman World Cambridge University Press ISBN 978 0 521 78053 7 Temin Peter 2006 The Economy of the Early Roman Empire Journal of Economic Perspectives 20 1 133 151 doi 10 1257 089533006776526148 ISSN 0895 3309 Pranala luar suntingThe Oxford Roman Economy Project nbsp Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai Ancient Roman coins Diperoleh dari https id wikipedia org w index php title Ekonomi Romawi amp oldid 13535648