Demokrasi Islam

Demokrasi Islam adalah demokrasi ideologi politik yang berusaha menerapkan prinsip-prinsip Islam ke dalam kebijakan publik dalam kerangka demokrasi. Teori politik Islam menyebutkan tiga ciri dasar demokrasi Islam: pemimpin harus dipilih oleh rakyat, tunduk pada syariah, dan berkomitmen untuk mempraktekkan "syura", sebuah bentuk konsultasi khusus yang dilakukan oleh Nabi Muhammad SAW yang dapat ditemukan dalam berbagai hadits dengan komunitas mereka. Negara-negara yang memenuhi tiga ciri dasar tersebut antara lain Iran dan Malaysia. Afghanistan, Arab Saudi, Qatar, dan Uni Emirat Arab adalah contoh negara yang tidak menganut prinsip demokrasi Islam meski negara-negara Islam, karena negara-negara ini tidak mengadakan pemilihan. Pelaksanaan demokrasi Islam berbeda di negara-negara mayoritas muslim, karena interpretasi syariah berbeda-beda dari satu negara ke negara lain, dan penggunaan syariah lebih komprehensif di negara-negara di mana syariah menjadi dasar bagi undang-undang negara.

Konsep liberalisme dan partisipasi demokratis sudah ada di dunia Islam abad pertengahan. Kekhalifahan Rasyidin dianggap oleh para pendukungnya sebagai contoh awal sebuah negara demokratis dan diklaim bahwa perkembangan demokrasi di dunia Islam akhirnya terhenti setelah perpecahan Sunni–Syiah.

Partai dan Organisasi Demokratis Islam

Berikut ini adalah daftar partai dan organisasi yang bertujuan untuk menerapkan syariat atau negara Islam, atau menganut identitas politik muslim, atau dengan cara lain memenuhi definisi politik Islam, aktivis Islam, atau Islamisme yang dijelaskan dalam artikel ini; atau telah banyak dideskripsikan oleh orang lain.

Negara atau jangkauan	Gerakan
Internasional	Ikhwanul Muslimin
Bahrain	Al Wifaq (Syiah) Al Minbar (Sunni)
Bangladesh	Jamaat-e-Islami Bangladesh
Mesir	Partai Kebebasan dan Keadilan Ikhwanul Muslimin di Mesir Partai Al-Nur Partai Al-Wasath
Finlandia	Partai Islam Finlandia
India	Jamaat-e-Islami India Liga Persatuan Muslim India Liga Nasional India Konferensi Hurriyat AIUDF AIMIM
Indonesia	Partai Kebangkitan Bangsa Partai Amanat Nasional Partai Persatuan Pembangunan Partai Keadilan Sejahtera
Iran	Aliansi Pembangunan Islam Iran Front Partisipasi Islam Iran
Iraq	Koalisi Negara Hukum Aliansi Nasional Iraq
Yordania	Front Aksi Islam
Kuwait	Hadas
Lebanon	Hezbollah (Syiah) Al-Jama'ah Al-Islamiyah (Sunni)
Libya	Partai Keadilan dan Pembangunan Partai Tanah Air Aliansi Angkatan Bersenjata Nasional
Malaysia	Partai Islam Se-Malaysia Organisasi Nasional Melayu Bersatu
Maladewa	Partai Demokratis Islam Partai Adhaalath
Maroko	Partai Keadilan dan Pembangunan
Pakistan	Jamaat-e-Islami Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal Tehreek-e-Insaf Pakistan
Palestina	Hamas Jihad Islam Palestina
Filipina	Lakas-CMD Front Pembebasan Islam Moro Partai Keadilan Bangsamoro Bersatu
Rwanda	Partai Demokratis Islam
Sudan	Partai Umat Nasional
Somalia	Partai Perdamaian dan Pembangunan
Suriah	Ikhwanul Muslimin di Suriah
Tajikistan	Partai Kebangkitan Islam Tajikistan
Turki	Partai Bahagia Partai Penyeru Kebebasan Partai Keadilan dan Pembangunan
Yaman	Al-Islah (Sunni) Hutsi (Syiah)

Rujukan

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Pranala luar

• Islam and Democracy: Perceptions and Misperceptions^{[pranala nonaktif permanen]} by Dr. Mohammad Omar Farooq
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• Islamic Democracies (article)
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• On Ethical Democracy (includng Islamic Democracy): http://www.ethicaldemocracy.org
• Marina Ottoway and Thomas Carothers, "Think Again: Middle East Democracy,"Foreign Policy (Nov./Dec. 2004). Internet, available online at: http://www.foreignpolicy.com/story/cms.php?story_id=2705&print=1 2009-01-13 di Wayback Machine.
• Chris Zambelis, "The Strategic Implications of Political Liberalization and Democratization in the Middle East," Parameters, (Autumn 2005). Internet, available online at: http://www.carlisle.army.mil/usawc/Parameters/05autumn/zambelis.htm^{[pranala nonaktif permanen]}
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• National Union for Democracy in Iran^{[pranala nonaktif permanen]}
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• Islamic Revolutionary Guard Official in Tehran University Lecture (Part I): Islam Has Nothing in Common with Democracy