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Cizre Gazarta beralih ke halaman ini Untuk wilayah lihat Mesopotamia Hulu pengucapan ˈdʒizɾe bahasa Arab جزيرة ابن عمر t

Cizre

"Gazarta" beralih ke halaman ini. Untuk wilayah, lihat Mesopotamia Hulu.

Cizre (pengucapan [ˈdʒizɾe]; bahasa Arab: جزيرة ابن عمر, translit. Jazirat Ibn ʿUmar, atau Madinat al-Jazira, bahasa Ibrani: גזירא, translit. Gzira‎, bahasa Kurdi: Cizîr, Cizîra Botan, atau Cizîre, bahasa Suryani: ܓܙܪܬܐ ܕܒܪ ܥܘܡܪ,) adalah sebuah kota dan distrik di Provinsi Şırnak, Wilayah Anatolia Tenggara, Turki. Kota tersebut terletak di sungai Tigris pada perbatasan Suriah-Turki dan dekat dengan perbatasan Irak-Turki. Cizre adalah wilayah bersejarah dari Mesopotamia Hulu dan wilayah budaya Kurdistan Turki.

Cizre
Kota
Pemandangan udara Cizre, Turki.
Cizre
Koordinat: 37°19′30″N 42°11′45″E / 37.32500°N 42.19583°E / 37.32500; 42.19583Koordinat: 37°19′30″N 42°11′45″E / 37.32500°N 42.19583°E / 37.32500; 42.19583
NegaraTurki
ProvinsiŞırnak
DistrikCizre
Pemerintahan
 • Pelaksana tugas walikotaDavut Sinanoğlu
 • KaymakamDavut Sinanoğlu
Luas
 • Distrik467,64 km2 (18,056 sq mi)
Ketinggian
377 m (1,237 ft)
Populasi
 (2019)
 • Perkotaan
125,799
 • Distrik
148,697
 • Kepadatan Distrik3,2/km2 (8,2/sq mi)
Kode pos
73200
Situs webwww.cizre.bel.tr

Referensi Sunting

Catatan

  1. Juga ditransliterasikan menjadi Jezirat al-Omar, Djeziret ibn-Omar, Jazīra, al-Jazirah, atau Djezireh.
  2. Juga ditransliterasikan menjadi Gāzartā d'Beṯ Zabdaï, Gōzartō d-Qardū, Gozarto, Gzarta, atau Gziro.

Kutipan

  1. "Area of regions (including lakes), km²". Regional Statistics Database. Turkish Statistical Institute. 2002. Diakses tanggal 2013-03-05. 
  2. "CİZRE NÜFUSU, ŞIRNAK". Türkiye Nüfusu (dalam bahasa Turki). Diakses tanggal 25 April 2020. 
  3. ^ Carlson, Thomas A. (9 December 2016). "Gazarta". The Syriac Gazetteer. Diakses tanggal 25 April 2020. 
  4. Şanlı (2017), hlm. 72.
  5. Sinclair (1989), hlm. 352.
  6. Çetinoğlu (2018), hlm. 178.
  7. Kieser (2011), hlm. 139.
  8. Gil (2004), hlm. 428.
  9. Sabar (2002), hlm. 121.
  10. Avcýkýran, Dr. Adem, ed. (2009). "Kürtçe Anamnez, Anamneza bi Kurmancî" (PDF). Tirsik. hlm. 57. Diakses tanggal 17 December 2019. 
  11. Zaken (2007), hlm. xii.
  12. ^ Biner (2019), hlm. x.
  13. Wilmshurst (2000), hlm. 112.
  14. Palmer (1990), hlm. 257.
  15. "The struggle for autonomy in North Kurdistan: Voices from Cizre". Corporate Watch. 4 December 2015. Diakses tanggal 23 November 2020. 

Daftar pustaka Sunting

Sumber primer

  • Gregory bar Hebraeus (1932). Chronography. Diterjemahkan oleh E. A. W. Budge. Oxford University Press. 
  • Ibn al-Athir (2002). The Annals of the Saljuq Turks: Selections from al-Kamil fi'l-Ta'rikh of Ibn al-Athir. Diterjemahkan oleh D.S. Richards. Routledge. 

Sumber sekunder

  • Açıkyıldız Şengül, Birgül (2014). "Cizre Kırmızı Medrese:Mimari, İktidar ve Tarih". Kebikeç (dalam bahasa Turki). 38: 169–198. 
  • Ali, Othman (1997). "The Kurds and the Lausanne Peace Negotiations, 1922-23". Middle Eastern Studies. 33 (3): 521–534. doi:10.1080/00263209708701167. 
  • Amitai-Preiss, Reuven (2004). Mongols and Mamluks: The Mamluk-Ilkhanid War, 1260-1281. Cambridge University Press. 
  • Ateş, Sabri (2013). Ottoman-Iranian Borderlands: Making a Boundary, 1843–1914. Cambridge University Press. 
  • Badem, Candan (2010). The Ottoman Crimean War (1853-1856). Brill. 
  • Barsoum, Aphrem (2003). The Scattered Pearls: A History of Syriac Literature and Sciences. Diterjemahkan oleh Matti Moosa (edisi ke-2nd). Gorgias Press. Diakses tanggal 14 July 2020. 
  • Barsoum, Aphrem (2008). History of the Za'faran Monastery. Diterjemahkan oleh Matti Moosa. Gorgias Press. 
  • Barsoum, Aphrem (2009a). History of the Syriac Dioceses. 1. Diterjemahkan oleh Matti Moosa. Gorgias Press. 
  • Barsoum, Aphrem (2009b). . 1. Diterjemahkan oleh Matti Moosa. Gorgias Press. Archived from the original on 2018-10-14. Diakses tanggal 17 September 2020. 
  • Beihammer, Alexander Daniel (2017). Byzantium & Emergence of Muslim-Turkish Anatolia, c.1040-1130. Routledge. 
  • Benjamin, Israel Joseph (1859). Eight years in Asia and Africa from 1846-1855. Routledge. 
  • Biner, Zerrin Ozlem (2019). States of Dispossession: Violence and Precarious Coexistence in Southeast Turkey. University of Pennsylvania Press. 
  • Boyle, J. A. (2007). The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 5: The Saljuq and Mongol Periods. Cambridge University Press. 
  • Brock, Sebastian P. (2017). "A Historical Note of October 1915 Written in Dayro D-Zafaran (Deyrulzafaran)". Dalam David Gaunt; Naures Atto; Soner O. Barthoma. Let Them Not Return: Sayfo – The Genocide Against the Assyrian, Syriac, and Chaldean Christians in the Ottoman Empire. Berghahn Books. hlm. 148–157. 
  • Bruinessen, Martin Van; Boeschoten, Hendrik (1988). Evliya Çelebi in Diyarbekir. Brill. 
  • Burak, Durdu Mehmet (2005). (PDF). Gazi Üniversitesi Kırşehir Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi (dalam bahasa Turki). 6 (1): 169–183. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2020-07-15. Diakses tanggal 2021-02-14. 
  • Busse, Heribert (2008). "Iran Under the Buyids". Dalam Richard Nelson Frye. The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 4: From the Arab Invasion to the Saljuqs. Cambridge University Press. hlm. 250–305. 
  • Cahen, Claude (1969). "The Turkish Invasion: The Selchukids". Dalam Marshall W. Baldwin. A History of the Crusades, Volume I: The First Hundred Years. University of Wisconsin Press. hlm. 135–177. 
  • Canard, Marius (1986). "Ḥamdānids". Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. 3. hlm. 126–131. 
  • Çetinoğlu, Sait (2018). "Genocide/ Seyfo – and how resistance became a way of life". Dalam Hannibal Travis. The Assyrian Genocide: Cultural and Political Legacies. Routledge. hlm. 178–191. 
  • Chaliand, Gerard, ed. (1980). A People without a Country: The Kurds and Kurdistan. Diterjemahkan oleh Michael Pallis. Zed Press. 
  • Chyet, Michael L. (2020). FERHENGA BIRÛSKÎ Kurmanji - English Dictionary. One: A - L. Transnational Press London. 
  • Courtois, Sébastien de (2013). "Tur Abdin : Réflexions sur l'état présent descommunautés syriaques du Sud-Est de la Turquie,mémoire, exils, retours". Cahier du Gremmamo (dalam bahasa Prancis). 21: 113–150. 
  • Crow, James (2018). "Bezabde". Dalam Nicholson, Oliver. The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity. Oxford University Press. 
  • El-Azhari, Taef (2016). Zengi and the Muslim Response to the Crusades: The politics of Jihad. Routledge. 
  • Elisséeff, Nur ad-Din (1986). "Ibn ʿUmar, D̲j̲azīrat". Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. 3. hlm. 960–961. 
  • Galante, Avram (1948). Histoire des Juifs de Turquie (dalam bahasa Prancis). 
  • Gil, Moshe (2004). Jews in Islamic countries in the Middle Ages. Diterjemahkan oleh David Strassler. Brill. 
  • Heidemann, Stefan (2002). "Zangids". Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. 11. hlm. 452–455. 
  • Henning, Barbara (2018). Narratives of the History of the Ottoman-Kurdish Bedirhani Family in Imperial and Post-Imperial Contexts: Continuities and Changes (PDF). University of Bamberg Press. Diakses tanggal 16 December 2020. 
  • Hillenbrand, Carole (1991). "Marwanids". Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. 6. hlm. 626–627. 
  • Humphreys, R. Stephen (1977). From Saladin to the Mongols: The Ayyubids of Damascus, 1193-1260. State University of New York Press. 
  • Ignatius Jacob III (2008). History of the Monastery of Saint Matthew in Mosul. Diterjemahkan oleh Matti Moosa. Gorgias Press. 
  • Jackson, Peter (2017). The Mongols and the Islamic World: From Conquest to Conversion. Yale University Press. 
  • James, Boris (2019). "Constructing the Realm of the Kurds (al-Mamlaka al-Akradiyya): Kurdish In-betweenness and Mamluk Ethnic Engineering (1130-1340 CE)". Dalam Steve Tamari. Grounded Identities: Territory and Belonging in the Medieval and Early Modern Middle East and Mediterranean. Brill. hlm. 17–45. 
  • Jongerden, Joost; Verheij, Jelle (2012). Social Relations in Ottoman Diyarbekir, 1870-1915. Brill. 
  • Jwaideh, Wadie (2006). The Kurdish National Movement: Its Origins and Development. Syracuse University Press. 
  • Kana’an, Ruba (2013). "The Biography of a Thirteenth-century Brass Ewer from Mosul". Dalam Sheila Blair; Jonathan M. Bloom. God Is Beautiful and Loves Beauty: The Object in Islamic Art and Culture. Yale University Press. hlm. 176–193. 
  • Karpat, Kemal Haşim (1985). Ottoman Population, 1830-1914: Demographic and Social Characteristics. University of Wisconsin Press. 
  • Kennedy, Hugh (2004). The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates: The Islamic Near East from the Sixth to the Eleventh Century. Pearson Education. 
  • Kennedy, Hugh (2011). "The Feeding of the five Hundred Thousand: Cities and Agriculture in Early Islamic Mesopotamia". Iraq. 73: 177–199. doi:10.1017/S0021088900000152 . 
  • Kévorkian, Raymond (2011). The Armenian Genocide: A Complete History. Palgrave Macmillan. 
  • Kieser, Hans-Lukas (2011). "From "Patriotism" to Mass Murder: Dr Mehmed Reşid (1873-1919)". Dalam Ronald Grigor Suny; Fatma Müge Göçek; Norman M. Naimark. A Question of Genocide: Armenians and Turks at the End of the Ottoman Empire. Oxford University Press. hlm. 126–151. 
  • Kiraz, George A. (2011). "Giwargis II, Ignatius". Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage: Electronic Edition. Gorgias Press. 
  • Klein, Janet (2011). The Margins of Empire: Kurdish Militias in the Ottoman Tribal Zone. Stanford University Press. 
  • Lightfoot, C.S. (1981). The Eastern Frontier of the Roman Empire with special reference to the reign of Constantius II. 
  • Mango, Andrew (2013). "Atatürk and the Kurds". Dalam Sylvia Kedourie. Seventy-five Years of the Turkish Republic. Routledge. hlm. 1–26. 
  • Marcus, Aliza (1994). "City in the War Zone". Middle East Report (189): 16–19. doi:10.2307/3013106. JSTOR 3013106. 
  • Mazzola, Marianna (2019). "Centralism and Local Tradition : A Reappraisal of the Sources on the Metropolis of Tagrit and Mor Matay". Le Muséon. 132 (3–4): 399–413. Diakses tanggal 12 July 2020. 
  • Miynat, Ali (2017). Cultural and socio-economic relations between the Turkmen states and the Byzantine empire and West with a corpus of the Turkmen coins in the Barber Institute Coin Collection (PDF). 
  • Mutzafi, Hezy (2008). The Jewish Neo-Aramaic Dialect of Betanure (Province of Dihok). Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. 
  • Nicolle, David (2013). "The Zangid bridge of Ǧazīrat ibn ʿUmar (ʿAyn Dīwār/Cizre): A New Look at the carved panel of an armoured horseman". Bulletin d'études orientales. 62: 223–264. 
  • Özoğlu, Hakan (2001). ""Nationalism" and Kurdish Notables in the Late Ottoman–Early Republican Era". International Journal of Middle East Studies. 33 (3): 383–409. doi:10.1017/S0020743801003038. 
  • Özoğlu, Hakan (2004). Kurdish Notables and the Ottoman State: Evolving Identities, Competing Loyalties, and Shifting Boundaries. SUNY Press. 
  • Palmer, Andrew (1990). Monk and Mason on the Tigris Frontier: The Early History of Tur Abdin. Cambridge University Press. Diakses tanggal 15 July 2020. 
  • Patton, Douglas (1991). "Badr al-Dīn Lu'lu' and the Establishment of a mamluk Government in Mosul". Studia Islamica. Brill. 74 (74): 79–103. doi:10.2307/1595898. JSTOR 1595898. 
  • Pfeiffer, Judith (2013). "Confessional Ambiguity vs. Confessional Polarisation: Politics and the Negotiation of Religious Boundaries in the Ilkhanate". Dalam Judith Pfeiffer. Politics, Patronage and the Transmission of Knowledge in 13th-15th Century Tabriz. Brill. hlm. 129–171. 
  • Quataert, Donald (1994). "The Age of Reforms, 1812-1914". Dalam Halil İnalcık; Donald Quataert. An Economic and Social History of the Ottoman Empire, 1300-1914. Cambridge University Press. hlm. 759–947. 
  • Rassi, Salam (2015). Justifying Christianity in the Islamic Middle Ages: The Apologetic Theology of ʿAbdīshōʿ bar Brīkhā (d. 1318). 
  • Rhétoré, Jacques (2005). Les chrétiens aux bêtes: souvenirs de la guerre sainte proclamée par les Turcs contre les chrétiens en 1915 (dalam bahasa Prancis). Editions du CERF. 
  • Sabar, Yona (2002). A Jewish Neo-Aramaic Dictionary: Dialects of Amidya, Dihok, Nerwa and Zakho, Northwestern Iraq. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. 
  • Şanlı, Süleyman (2017). "An Overview of Historical Background of Unknown Eastern Jews of Turkey". Mukaddime. 8 (1): 67–82. 
  • Sato, Noriko (2001). Memory and Social Identity among Syrian Orthodox Christians (PDF). Diakses tanggal 27 December 2019. 
  • Sinclair, T.A. (1989). Eastern Turkey: An Architectural & Archaeological Survey, Volume III. Pindar Press. ISBN 9780907132349. 
  • Sinclair, Thomas (2019). Eastern Trade and the Mediterranean in the Middle Ages: Pegolotti's Ayas-Tabriz Itinerary and its Commercial Context. Routledge. 
  • Snelders, Bas (2010). "The Syrian Orthodox in their Historical and Artistic Settings". Identity and Christian-Muslim Interaction: Medieval Art of the Syrian Orthodox from the Mosul area (PDF). 
  • Taylor, Gordon (2007). Fever and Thirst: An American Doctor Among the Tribes of Kurdistan, 1835-1844. Chicago Review Press. 
  • Ternon, Yves (2002). Revue d'histoire arménienne contemporaine: Mardin 1915: Anatomie pathologique d'une destruction. 4. 
  • Touzard, Anne-Marie (2000). "FRANCE vii. FRENCH TRAVELERS IN PERSIA, 1600-1730". Encyclopaedia Iranica. 
  • ul-Hasan, Mahmood (2005). Ibn Al-At̲h̲ir: An Arab Historian : a Critical Analysis of His Tarikh-al-kamil and Tarikh-al-atabeca. Northern Book Centre. 
  • Üngör, Uğur; Polatel, Mehmet (2011). Confiscation and Destruction: The Young Turk Seizure of Armenian Property. Bloomsbury Publishing. 
  • Üngör, Uğur (2012). The Making of Modern Turkey: Nation and State in Eastern Anatolia, 1913-1950. Oxford University Press. 
  • Wilmshurst, David (2000). The Ecclesiastical Organisation of the Church of the East, 1318–1913. Peeters Publishers. 
  • Yacoub, Joseph (2016). Year of the Sword: The Assyrian Christian Genocide, A History. Diterjemahkan oleh James Ferguson. Oxford University Press. 
  • Zaken, Mordechai (2007). Jewish Subjects and Their Tribal Chieftains in Kurdistan: A Study in Survival. Brill. 
  • Zawanowska, Marzena (2019). "Yefet ben ʿEli on Genesis 11 and 22". Dalam Meira Polliack; Athalya Brenner-Idan. Jewish Biblical Exegesis from Islamic Lands: The Medieval Period. SBL Press. hlm. 33–61. 
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Tanggal penerbitan:
Gazarta beralih ke halaman ini Untuk wilayah lihat Mesopotamia Hulu Cizre pengucapan ˈdʒizɾe bahasa Arab جزيرة ابن عمر translit Jazirat Ibn ʿUmar 3 nb 1 atau Madinat al Jazira 8 bahasa Ibrani גזירא translit Gzira 9 bahasa Kurdi Cizir 10 Cizira Botan 11 atau Cizire 12 bahasa Suryani ܓܙܪܬܐ ܕܒܪ ܥܘܡܪ 3 nb 2 adalah sebuah kota dan distrik di Provinsi Sirnak Wilayah Anatolia Tenggara Turki Kota tersebut terletak di sungai Tigris pada perbatasan Suriah Turki dan dekat dengan perbatasan Irak Turki Cizre adalah wilayah bersejarah dari Mesopotamia Hulu dan wilayah budaya Kurdistan Turki 15 CizreKotaPemandangan udara Cizre Turki CizreKoordinat 37 19 30 N 42 11 45 E 37 32500 N 42 19583 E 37 32500 42 19583 Koordinat 37 19 30 N 42 11 45 E 37 32500 N 42 19583 E 37 32500 42 19583NegaraTurkiProvinsiSirnakDistrikCizrePemerintahan Pelaksana tugas walikotaDavut Sinanoglu KaymakamDavut SinanogluLuas 1 Distrik467 64 km2 18 056 sq mi Ketinggian377 m 1 237 ft Populasi 2019 2 Perkotaan125 799 Distrik148 697 Kepadatan Distrik3 2 km2 8 2 sq mi Kode pos73200Situs webwww cizre bel trReferensi SuntingCatatan Juga ditransliterasikan menjadi Jezirat al Omar 4 Djeziret ibn Omar 5 Jazira 3 al Jazirah 6 atau Djezireh 7 Juga ditransliterasikan menjadi Gazarta d Beṯ Zabdai 13 Gōzartō d Qardu 14 Gozarto 3 Gzarta 3 atau Gziro 12 Kutipan Area of regions including lakes km Regional Statistics Database Turkish Statistical Institute 2002 Diakses tanggal 2013 03 05 CIZRE NUFUSU SIRNAK Turkiye Nufusu dalam bahasa Turki Diakses tanggal 25 April 2020 a b c d e Carlson Thomas A 9 December 2016 Gazarta The Syriac Gazetteer Diakses tanggal 25 April 2020 Sanli 2017 hlm 72 Sinclair 1989 hlm 352 Cetinoglu 2018 hlm 178 Kieser 2011 hlm 139 Gil 2004 hlm 428 Sabar 2002 hlm 121 Avcykyran Dr Adem ed 2009 Kurtce Anamnez Anamneza bi Kurmanci PDF Tirsik hlm 57 Diakses tanggal 17 December 2019 Zaken 2007 hlm xii a b Biner 2019 hlm x Wilmshurst 2000 hlm 112 Palmer 1990 hlm 257 The struggle for autonomy in North Kurdistan Voices from Cizre Corporate Watch 4 December 2015 Diakses tanggal 23 November 2020 Daftar pustaka SuntingSumber primer Gregory bar Hebraeus 1932 Chronography Diterjemahkan oleh E A W Budge Oxford University Press Ibn al Athir 2002 The Annals of the Saljuq Turks Selections from al Kamil fi l Ta rikh of Ibn al Athir Diterjemahkan oleh D S Richards Routledge Sumber sekunder Acikyildiz Sengul Birgul 2014 Cizre Kirmizi Medrese Mimari Iktidar ve Tarih Kebikec dalam bahasa Turki 38 169 198 Ali Othman 1997 The Kurds and the Lausanne Peace Negotiations 1922 23 Middle Eastern Studies 33 3 521 534 doi 10 1080 00263209708701167 Amitai Preiss Reuven 2004 Mongols and Mamluks The Mamluk Ilkhanid War 1260 1281 Cambridge University Press Ates Sabri 2013 Ottoman Iranian Borderlands Making a Boundary 1843 1914 Cambridge University Press Badem Candan 2010 The Ottoman Crimean War 1853 1856 Brill Barsoum Aphrem 2003 The Scattered Pearls A History of Syriac Literature and Sciences Diterjemahkan oleh Matti Moosa edisi ke 2nd Gorgias Press Diakses tanggal 14 July 2020 Barsoum Aphrem 2008 History of the Za faran Monastery Diterjemahkan oleh Matti Moosa Gorgias Press Barsoum Aphrem 2009a History of the Syriac Dioceses 1 Diterjemahkan oleh Matti Moosa Gorgias Press Barsoum Aphrem 2009b The Collected Historical Essays of Aphram I Barsoum 1 Diterjemahkan oleh Matti Moosa Gorgias Press Archived from the original on 2018 10 14 Diakses tanggal 17 September 2020 Pemeliharaan CS1 Url tak layak link Beihammer Alexander Daniel 2017 Byzantium amp Emergence of Muslim Turkish Anatolia c 1040 1130 Routledge Benjamin Israel Joseph 1859 Eight years in Asia and Africa from 1846 1855 Routledge Biner Zerrin Ozlem 2019 States of Dispossession Violence and Precarious Coexistence in Southeast Turkey University of Pennsylvania Press Boyle J A 2007 The Cambridge History of Iran Volume 5 The Saljuq and Mongol Periods Cambridge University Press Brock Sebastian P 2017 A Historical Note of October 1915 Written in Dayro D Zafaran Deyrulzafaran Dalam David Gaunt Naures Atto Soner O Barthoma Let Them Not Return Sayfo The Genocide Against the Assyrian Syriac and Chaldean Christians in the Ottoman Empire Berghahn Books hlm 148 157 Bruinessen Martin Van Boeschoten Hendrik 1988 Evliya Celebi in Diyarbekir Brill Burak Durdu Mehmet 2005 EL CEZIRE KUMANDANI NIHAT PASA NIN ESKIYA TARAFINDAN SOYULMASI PDF Gazi Universitesi Kirsehir Egitim Fakultesi Dergisi dalam bahasa Turki 6 1 169 183 Diarsipkan dari versi asli PDF tanggal 2020 07 15 Diakses tanggal 2021 02 14 Busse Heribert 2008 Iran Under the Buyids Dalam Richard Nelson Frye The Cambridge History of Iran Volume 4 From the Arab Invasion to the Saljuqs Cambridge University Press hlm 250 305 Cahen Claude 1969 The Turkish Invasion The Selchukids Dalam Marshall W Baldwin A History of the Crusades Volume I The First Hundred Years University of Wisconsin Press hlm 135 177 Canard Marius 1986 Ḥamdanids Encyclopaedia of Islam Second Edition 3 hlm 126 131 Cetinoglu Sait 2018 Genocide Seyfo and how resistance became a way of life Dalam Hannibal Travis The Assyrian Genocide Cultural and Political Legacies Routledge hlm 178 191 Chaliand Gerard ed 1980 A People without a Country The Kurds and Kurdistan Diterjemahkan oleh Michael Pallis Zed Press Chyet Michael L 2020 FERHENGA BIRUSKI Kurmanji English Dictionary One A L Transnational Press London Courtois Sebastien de 2013 Tur Abdin Reflexions sur l etat present descommunautes syriaques du Sud Est de la Turquie memoire exils retours Cahier du Gremmamo dalam bahasa Prancis 21 113 150 Crow James 2018 Bezabde Dalam Nicholson Oliver The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity Oxford University Press El Azhari Taef 2016 Zengi and the Muslim Response to the Crusades The politics of Jihad Routledge Elisseeff Nur ad Din 1986 Ibn ʿUmar D j azirat Encyclopaedia of Islam Second Edition 3 hlm 960 961 Galante Avram 1948 Histoire des Juifs de Turquie dalam bahasa Prancis Gil Moshe 2004 Jews in Islamic countries in the Middle Ages Diterjemahkan oleh David Strassler Brill Heidemann Stefan 2002 Zangids Encyclopaedia of Islam Second Edition 11 hlm 452 455 Henning Barbara 2018 Narratives of the History of the Ottoman Kurdish Bedirhani Family in Imperial and Post Imperial Contexts Continuities and Changes PDF University of Bamberg Press Diakses tanggal 16 December 2020 Hillenbrand Carole 1991 Marwanids Encyclopaedia of Islam Second Edition 6 hlm 626 627 Humphreys R Stephen 1977 From Saladin to the Mongols The Ayyubids of Damascus 1193 1260 State University of New York Press Ignatius Jacob III 2008 History of the Monastery of Saint Matthew in Mosul Diterjemahkan oleh Matti Moosa Gorgias Press Jackson Peter 2017 The Mongols and the Islamic World From Conquest to Conversion Yale University Press James Boris 2019 Constructing the Realm of the Kurds al Mamlaka al Akradiyya Kurdish In betweenness and Mamluk Ethnic Engineering 1130 1340 CE Dalam Steve Tamari Grounded Identities Territory and Belonging in the Medieval and Early Modern Middle East and Mediterranean Brill hlm 17 45 Jongerden Joost Verheij Jelle 2012 Social Relations in Ottoman Diyarbekir 1870 1915 Brill Jwaideh Wadie 2006 The Kurdish National Movement Its Origins and Development Syracuse University Press Kana an Ruba 2013 The Biography of a Thirteenth century Brass Ewer from Mosul Dalam Sheila Blair Jonathan M Bloom God Is Beautiful and Loves Beauty The Object in Islamic Art and Culture Yale University Press hlm 176 193 Karpat Kemal Hasim 1985 Ottoman Population 1830 1914 Demographic and Social Characteristics University of Wisconsin Press Kennedy Hugh 2004 The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates The Islamic Near East from the Sixth to the Eleventh Century Pearson Education Kennedy Hugh 2011 The Feeding of the five Hundred Thousand Cities and Agriculture in Early Islamic Mesopotamia Iraq 73 177 199 doi 10 1017 S0021088900000152 nbsp Kevorkian Raymond 2011 The Armenian Genocide A Complete History Palgrave Macmillan Kieser Hans Lukas 2011 From Patriotism to Mass Murder Dr Mehmed Resid 1873 1919 Dalam Ronald Grigor Suny Fatma Muge Gocek Norman M Naimark A Question of Genocide Armenians and Turks at the End of the Ottoman Empire Oxford University Press hlm 126 151 Kiraz George A 2011 Giwargis II Ignatius Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage Electronic Edition Gorgias Press Klein Janet 2011 The Margins of Empire Kurdish Militias in the Ottoman Tribal Zone Stanford University Press Lightfoot C S 1981 The Eastern Frontier of the Roman Empire with special reference to the reign of Constantius II Mango Andrew 2013 Ataturk and the Kurds Dalam Sylvia Kedourie Seventy five Years of the Turkish Republic Routledge hlm 1 26 Marcus Aliza 1994 City in the War Zone Middle East Report 189 16 19 doi 10 2307 3013106 JSTOR 3013106 Mazzola Marianna 2019 Centralism and Local Tradition A Reappraisal of the Sources on the Metropolis of Tagrit and Mor Matay Le Museon 132 3 4 399 413 Diakses tanggal 12 July 2020 Miynat Ali 2017 Cultural and socio economic relations between the Turkmen states and the Byzantine empire and West with a corpus of the Turkmen coins in the Barber Institute Coin Collection PDF Mutzafi Hezy 2008 The Jewish Neo Aramaic Dialect of Betanure Province of Dihok Otto Harrassowitz Verlag Nicolle David 2013 The Zangid bridge of Ǧazirat ibn ʿUmar ʿAyn Diwar Cizre A New Look at the carved panel of an armoured horseman Bulletin d etudes orientales 62 223 264 Ozoglu Hakan 2001 Nationalism and Kurdish Notables in the Late Ottoman Early Republican Era International Journal of Middle East Studies 33 3 383 409 doi 10 1017 S0020743801003038 Ozoglu Hakan 2004 Kurdish Notables and the Ottoman State Evolving Identities Competing Loyalties and Shifting Boundaries SUNY Press Palmer Andrew 1990 Monk and Mason on the Tigris Frontier The Early History of Tur Abdin Cambridge University Press Diakses tanggal 15 July 2020 Patton Douglas 1991 Badr al Din Lu lu and the Establishment of a mamluk Government in Mosul Studia Islamica Brill 74 74 79 103 doi 10 2307 1595898 JSTOR 1595898 Pfeiffer Judith 2013 Confessional Ambiguity vs Confessional Polarisation Politics and the Negotiation of Religious Boundaries in the Ilkhanate Dalam Judith Pfeiffer Politics Patronage and the Transmission of Knowledge in 13th 15th Century Tabriz Brill hlm 129 171 Quataert Donald 1994 The Age of Reforms 1812 1914 Dalam Halil Inalcik Donald Quataert An Economic and Social History of the Ottoman Empire 1300 1914 Cambridge University Press hlm 759 947 Rassi Salam 2015 Justifying Christianity in the Islamic Middle Ages The Apologetic Theology of ʿAbdishōʿ bar Brikha d 1318 Rhetore Jacques 2005 Les chretiens aux betes souvenirs de la guerre sainte proclamee par les Turcs contre les chretiens en 1915 dalam bahasa Prancis Editions du CERF Sabar Yona 2002 A Jewish Neo Aramaic Dictionary Dialects of Amidya Dihok Nerwa and Zakho Northwestern Iraq Otto Harrassowitz Verlag Sanli 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