Angkatan Laut Kekhalifahan Awal

Angkatan Laut Kekhalifahan Islam Awal adalah sebuah armada laut dari beberapa Kekhalifahan Arab awal dalam membentuk, mempertahankan dan memperluas jaringan perdagangan di seluruh bagian Asia, Afrika dan Eropa. Ini membantu pembentukan negara-negara kuat (termasuk kekhalifahan Rasyidin, Umayyah, Abbasiyah dan Fatimiyah) sebagai kekuatan ekonomi ekstensif terkemuka di dunia sepanjang abad ke-8-13 menurut ilmuwan politik John M. Hobson. Secara umum diyakini bahwa Mu'awiyah bin Abi Sufyan adalah perencana dan pendiri pertama angkatan laut Islam.

ar-rāyat as-sawdāʾ standar hitam yang digunakan oleh suku Quraisy awal dan kekhalifahan Rasyidin sebagai standar perang

Penaklukan angkatan laut khilafah awal berhasil menandai warisan lama perusahaan maritim Islam dari Penaklukan Siprus, Pertempuran Tiang-tiang yang terkenal hingga negara-negara penerus mereka seperti daerah Transoxiana dari daerah yang terletak di antara Sungai Jihun ( Oxus/Amu Darya) dan Syr Darya, ke Sindh (sekarang Pakistan ), oleh Umayyah, teluk angkatan laut "Saracen privateers" di La Garde-Freinet oleh Keamiran Kordoba, dan Sack of Rome oleh Aghlabids di era selanjutnya.

Sejarawan Eric E. Greek mengelompokkan konstitusi militer Rasyidin dengan negara-negara penerus langsung mereka dari Umayyah hingga setidaknya era kekhalifahan Abbasiyah, bersama dengan beberapa sekutu mereka, sebagai entitas tunggal, sesuai dengan kriteria negara fungsional Fred Donner. Pengelompokan ini terutama berlaku untuk angkatan laut kekhalifahan secara keseluruhan. Sementara itu, Blankinship tidak menganggap peralihan kekuasaan dari Rasyidun ke Umayyah sebagai akhir dari institusi militer kekhalifahan awal, termasuk elemen angkatan lautnya. Ini tetap setidaknya sampai akhir pemerintahan khalifah Umayyah ke-10, Hisyam ibn Abd al-Malik, karena Jihad sebagai motif utama agama dan politik bagi militer 'negara Jihad awal' yang membentang dari kekhalifahan Rashidun hingga Hisyam masih dianggap oleh Blankinship sebagai konstruksi yang sama.

Referensi

1. Hinds 1996, hlm. 133.
2. Hobson 2004.
3. Hobson 2004, hlm. 29–30.
4. Bosworth 1996, hlm. 157–158.
5. Frastuti 2020, hlm. 122.
6. Fromherz, Allen. "Islam and the Sea". Oxford Islamic studies. Oxford. Diakses tanggal 31 October 2021. 
7. Greek 2019, hlm. 42-43.
8. Vasiliev 1935, hlm. 131-207.
9. Treadgold 1988, hlm. 285–286.
10. Abun-Nasr 1987, hlm. 55–58.
11. Greek 2019, hlm. 42.
12. Blankinship 1994, hlm. 11-36.
13. Blankinship 1994, hlm. 1-11(INTRODUCTION).

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