Wilayah Tepi Barat (termasuk Yerusalem Timur) diduduki oleh Yordania selama Perang Arab-Israel 1948 setelah Legiun Arab Yordania menaklukkan Kota Tua Yerusalem dan menguasai wilayah di sebelah barat Sungai Yordan, termasuk kota Yerikho, Bethlehem, Hebron, dan Nablus. Setelah diadakannya Konferensi Yerikho pada Desember 1948 dan perubahan nama negara dari Transyordania menjadi Yordania pada tahun 1949, wilayah Tepi Barat secara resmi dianeksasi oleh Yordania pada tanggal 24 April 1950.
Tepi Barat الضفة الغربية Aḍ-Ḍiffah l-Ġarbiyyah | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1948–1967 | ||||
Bendera Lambang | ||||
Peta tahun 1955 | ||||
| Status | Wilayah yang dianeksasi Yordania | |||
| Bahasa yang umum digunakan | Arab | |||
| Agama | Islam Sunni | |||
| Sejarah | ||||
• Didirikan | 1948 | |||
• Dibubarkan | 1967 | |||
• Yordania mencabut klaimnya | 31 Juli 1988 | |||
| Mata uang | Dinar Yordania | |||
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Aneksasi ini dianggap sebagai tindakan yang ilegal oleh komunitas internasional. Satu bulan kemudian, Liga Arab menyatakan bahwa mereka menganggap wilayah ini telah dianeksasi oleh Yordania hingga "kasus Palestina dapat diselesaikan secara penuh sesuai dengan kepentingan rakyatnya." Negara-negara yang mengakui aneksasi Tepi Barat adalah Britania Raya, Irak, dan Pakistan.
Yordania memberikan kewarganegaraan kepada rakyat Tepi Barat, sehingga jumlah penduduk Yordania naik lebih dari dua kali lipat. Orang-orang Palestina yang mendapatkan kewarganegaraan Yordania mendapatkan lebih banyak kesempatan di berbagai sektor tanpa diskriminasi, dan mereka memperoleh setengah kursi di Parlemen Yordania.
Setelah Tepi Barat jatuh ke tangan Israel selama Perang Enam Hari pada tahun 1967, orang Palestina di wilayah tersebut tetap menjadi warga negara Yordania hingga Yordania memutuskan untuk mencabut klaimnya dan memutuskan hubungan administratif dengan Tepi Barat pada tahun 1989.
Catatan kaki sunting
- Raphael Israeli, Jerusalem divided: the armistice regime, 1947–1967, Volume 23 of Cass series – Israeli history, politics, and society, Psychology Press, 2002, hlm. 23.
- "Under Jordanian occupation since the 1948 Palestine war," Chicago Tribune, 3 Juni 1954
- ^ Cavendish, Richard (4 April 2000). "Jordan Formally Annexes the West Bank". History Today. Diakses tanggal 23 January 2017.
- Benvenisti, Eyal (2012). The International Law of Occupation. Oxford University Press. hlm. 204.
- Blum, Yehuda Z. (29 September 2016). Will "Justice" Bring Peace?: International Law - Selected Articles and Legal Opinions. BRILL. hlm. 230–231. ISBN 978-90-04-23395-9.
On April 13, 1950... the Council of the Arab League decided that "annexation of Arab Palestine by any Arab State would be considered a violation of the League Charter, and subject to sanctions." Three weeks after the said proclamation - on May 15, 1950 - the Political Committee of the Arab League, in an extraordinary session in Cairo, decided, without objection (Jordan herself was absent from the meeting), that the Jordanian annexation measure constituted a violation of the Council's resolution of April 13, 1950, and considered the expulsion of Jordan from the League; but it was decided that discussion of punitive measures be postponed to another meeting, set for June 12, 1950. At that meeting of the League Council it had before it Jordanian Memorandum asserting that "annexation of Arab Palestine was irrevocable, although without prejudice to any final settlement of the Palestine question." This formula enabled the Council to adopt a face-saving resolution "to treat the Arab part of Palestine annexed by Jordan as a trust in its hands until the Palestine case is fully solved in the interests of its inhabitants."
- Benveniśtî, Eyāl (2004). The international law of occupation. Princeton University Press. hlm. 108. ISBN 0-691-12130-3.
This purported annexation was, however, widely regarded as illegal and void, by the Arab League and others, and was recognized only by Britain, Iraq, and Pakistan.
- George Washington University. Law School (2005). The George Washington international law review. George Washington University. hlm. 390. Diakses tanggal 21 December 2010.
Jordan's illegal occupation and Annexation of the West Bank
- Nils August Butenschon; Uri Davis; Manuel Sarkis Hassassian (2000). Citizenship and the State in the Middle East: Approaches and Applications. Syracuse University Press. Diakses tanggal 18 October 2015.